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Disorder-specific functional abnormalities during sustained attention in youth with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and with Autism

A Christakou; et al
5 de maio de 2013
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) are often comorbid and share behavioural-cognitive abnormalities in sustained attention. A key question is whether this shared cognitive phenotype is based on common or different underlying...


Exposure to violence during childhood is associated with telomere erosion from 5 to 10 years of age: a longitudinal study

I Shalev; et al
5 de maio de 2013
There is increasing interest in discovering mechanisms that mediate the effects of childhood stress on late-life disease morbidity and mortality. Previous studies have suggested one potential mechanism linking stress to cellular aging, disease and mortality in humans: telomere erosion...


Serotonin Function and Risk for Alcoholism in Boys with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Kurt P Schulz; et al
1º de abril de 2013
Data in animals and adults indicate that central serotonergic (5-HT) function may be involved in the development of alcohol abuse. Despite this, studies exploring this mechanism in individuals at risk for alcoholism are scant. This study used a fenfluramine...


Immunoglobulins as an Alternative Strategy of Psychopharmacological Treatment of Children with Autistic Disorder

Helmut Niederhofer; W Staffen; A Mair
1º de abril de 2013
Autistic disorder is a chronic pervasive developmental disorder, characterized by qualitative impairments in reciprocal social interaction, verbal and nonverbal communication, and imaginative activity with a markedly restricted repertoire of activities and interests...


Decreased Anterior Cingulate Myo-inositol/Creatine Spectroscopy Resonance with Lithium Treatment in Children with Bipolar Disorder

Pablo Davanzo; et al
1º de abril de 2013
This project was designed to compare differences in brain proton spectra between children and adolescents with bipolar disorder (BPD) and gender and age-matched normal controls, and to measure changes in myo-inositol levels following lithium therapy, utilizing in vivo proton magnetic resonance...


Divalproex Sodium vs Placebo for the Treatment of Irritability in Children and Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorders

Eric Hollander; et al
1º de abril de 2013
Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by social and language deficits and by repetitive behaviors and interests. Irritability/aggression is a significant comorbid symptom in this population, which greatly impacts burden of care...


Challenges in Developing Novel Treatments for Childhood Disorders: Lessons from Research on Anxiety

Daniel S Pine; et al
1º de abril de 2013
Alterations in brain development may contribute to chronic mental disorders. Novel treatments targeted toward the early-childhood manifestations of such chronic disorders may provide unique therapeutic opportunities. However, attempts to develop and deliver novel treatments face many challenges...


Multiple Dose Pharmacokinetics of Paroxetine in Children and Adolescents with Major Depressive Disorder or Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder

Robert L Findling; et al
1º de abril de 2013
The current study examined the pharmacokinetics (PK), safety, and tolerability of paroxetine after repeated multiple oral dosing in children and adolescents with major depressive or obsessive–compulsive disorder. In this 6-week, open-label, repeat dose, dose-rising study, 62 patients...


COMT Val108/158 Met Polymorphism and the Modulation of Task-Oriented Behavior in Children with ADHD

Sarojini Sengupta; et al
1º de abril de 2013
t has been suggested that the symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), including inattention and/or hyperactivity/impulsivity, translate into deficits in task-oriented behavior or problem-focused activity. The frontosubcortical dopamine pathway has been implicated in ADHD...


Association of 4-Repeat Allele of the Dopamine D4 Receptor Gene Exon III Polymorphism and Response to Methylphenidate Treatment in Korean ADHD Children

Keun-Ah Cheon; Boong-Nyun Kim; Soo-Churl Cho
1º de abril de 2013
In the present study, we investigated the association between the 4-repeat allele at the dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4) gene and the response to treatment with methylphenidate (MPH) in Korean children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)...


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